View Eddy County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Emmons County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Foster County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Golden Valley County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Grand Forks County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Grant County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Griggs County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Griggs County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Hettinger County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Kidder County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View LaMoure County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find LaMoure County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Logan County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View McHenry County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View McIntosh County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View McKenzie County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find McKenzie County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View McLean County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Mercer County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Morton County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Morton County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Mountrail County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Nelson County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Oliver County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Pembina County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Pierce County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Ramsey County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Ramsey County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Ransom County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Renville County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Richland County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Richland County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Rolette County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Sargent County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Sheridan County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Sioux County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Slope County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Stark County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Stark County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Steele County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Stutsman County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Towner County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Traill County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Traill County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Walsh County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Ward County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Wells County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Williams County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Williams County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Adams County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Barnes County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Benson County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Billings County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Bottineau County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Bowman County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Burke County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Burleigh County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Burleigh County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Cass County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
Find Cass County, North Dakota tax warrant and lien information by delinquent tax payer name and case number.
View Cavalier County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Dickey County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Divide County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View Dunn County, North Dakota property tax exemption information, including homestead exemptions, low income assistance, senior and veteran exemptions, applications, and program details.
View North Dakota Association of Counties Tax Director webpage, including responsibilities and an event calendar.
View North Dakota Association of Counties Treasurer home page, including services provided and history.
Find North Dakota tax records by name, property address, account number, tax year, ticket number and district, map and parcel.
View Stark County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Search Steele County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Steele County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Steele County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Search Stutsman County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Stutsman County municipality owned property by parcel number, description, property address and purchase amount.
View Towner County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Visit the Traill County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Traill County Auditor's Office tax forfeited property information including notice of sales and minimum sales price.
View Traill County Auditor's Office webpage including duties, location and contact information.
View Traill County Director of Taxation general information page, including links to download property sales data by year.
View Traill County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Search Walsh County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Walsh County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Walsh County Auditor's Office home page including annual reports, zoning, planning, election and contact information.
View Walsh County Tax Director's Office home page including parcel map, assessment process, exemptions and contact information.
View Walsh County Treasurer's Office home page including mill levy reports, tax statements, payment options and contact information.
Search Ward County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Ward County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Ward County Auditor and Treasurer home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
View Ward County Tax Equalization Department general information page, including contact information and appraisal process information.
View Ward County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Visit the Wells County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Wells County Auditor home page, including name, hours, phone number, and address.
View Wells County Tax Equalization home page, including address and contact information.
View Wells County Treasurer general information page, including staff names, office duties and term details, office hours and contact information.
Search Williams County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Williams County Assessor home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
View Williams County Auditor home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
Search Williams County property record by owner name, ID, address, addition, legal description, taxpayer ID, taxpayer name or city/township.
View Williams County Tax Foreclosure Properties department contact information and requirements for property purchasers.
View Williams County Treasurer home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
Visit the Oliver County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
Search Pembina County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Pembina County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Pembina County Auditor-Treasurer's Office home page including responsibilities, staff directory, location and contact information.
View Pembina County Tax Equalization Department home page including applications, staff directory and contact information.
Search Pierce County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Pierce County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Pierce County Auditor-Treasurer's Office general information page, including duties, contact information, election and tax payment information.
View Pierce County Tax Equalization Office general information page, including duties, contact information, and homestead tax credit information.
Search Ramsey County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Ramsey County Auditor general information including the auditor's list of responsibilities, office hours, and contact information.
View Ramsey County Auditor's Office tax forfeited property, including list of properties for sale and terms of annual sale.
View Ramsey County Tax Equalization Office general information page, including responsibilities, appraisals, tax documents, and farm residence exemption.
View Ramsey County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
View Ramsey County Treasurer home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
Search Ransom County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Ransom County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
Search Renville County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Renville County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Renville County Auditor home page, including name, hours, phone number, and address.
View Renville County Auditor and Treasurer home page, including name, hours, phone number, and address.
Search Richland County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Richland County Assessor home page, including name and upcoming events.
Visit the Richland County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Richland County Finance and Administration auditor information, including duties, election results and resources.
View Richland County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Search Richland County tax information database by name, parcel identification number or address.
View Richland County Treasurer home page, including tax information and contact information.
View Rolette County Assessment Department home page, including forms and contact information.
View Rolette County Auditor's Office webpage, including roles, tax information, and duties.
View Rolette County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Find Rolette County, North Dakota tax records by name, property address, account number, tax year, ticket number and district, map and parcel.
View Rolette County Treasurer home page, including origin of the office and duties.
Search Sargent County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Sargent County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Sargent County Auditor home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
View Sargent County Tax Equalization Director home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
View Sargent County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
View Sargent County Treasurer home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
Visit the Sheridan County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Sheridan County Auditor's Office general information page, including contact information, news and links.
View Sheridan County Tax Equalization Office home page, including contact information, physical address, and mailing address.
View Sheridan County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
View Sheridan County Treasurer's Office general information page, including contact information and election information for the treasurer position.
Search Stark County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Search Stark County Assessor parcel record by parcel number, deed holder, contract buyer, address, or legal description.
Search Stark County Assessor parcel search database by PIN, DBA, deed holder, contract buyer, address, or legal description.
Visit the Stark County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Stark County Auditor/Treasurer website for contact information, community calendar, and links to other departments.
View Stark County Tax Equalization website for contact information, community calendar, and links to other departments.
Search Grand Forks County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Grand Forks County Finance and Tax Department general information page, including contact information and other related links.
Search Grand Forks County property records by owner's name to get the owner's property information or tax statements.
View Grand Forks County Tax Equalization Office general information page, including contact, marriage licenses, passports, birth and death information.
Search Grant County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Search Griggs County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Griggs County Auditor's Office home page including mailing address, hours of operation and phone number.
View Griggs County Tax Director's Office general information page, including phone number, office hours, and mailing address.
View Griggs County Treasurer home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
Search LaMoure County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the LaMoure County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View LaMoure County Auditor general information page, including office hours and contact information.
View LaMoure County Treasurer home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
Visit the Logan County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Logan County Auditor home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
View Logan County Treasurer home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
Visit the McHenry County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View McHenry County Office of the Auditor general information including mailing address, phone number and email address.
View McHenry County Tax Equalization Department webpage, including contact information, responsibilities, office hours, and a meeting schedule.
View McHenry County treasurer's office website for contact and general information.
Visit the McIntosh County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
Search McKenzie County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the McKenzie County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View McKenzie County Auditor's Office general information including address, contact number, fax number and email address.
View McKenzie County Tax Equalization Director webpage, including duties, staff, and contact information.
Search McLean County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the McLean County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View McLean County Auditor's Office home page including duties, voting information, online tax payments, maps and contact information.
Search McLean County Director of Tax Equalization parcel records by parcel ID.
View McLean County Tax Director/Land Use Administrator main page, including general information and contacts.
View McLean County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Search McLean County North Dakota tax statements by parcel number and name.
Search Mercer County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Mercer County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Mercer County public notices, including foreclosure notices of tax liens, commission meeting dates and weed board meeting schedule.
Search Mercer County parcel information database by PIN, deed holder, address, legal description, lot, block, section, township, or range.
View Mercer County Director of Tax Equalization general information including contact information.
Search Mercer County Director of Tax Equalization's Office property by parcel or house number, deed holder and street name.
Search Morton County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Morton County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Morton County Auditor's Office delinquent tax property, including important dates, annual sale and property tax list.
View Morton County Auditor's Office general information page, including duties, contact information and yearly auditor reports.
View Morton County Tax Equalization Office general information page, including assessment details and contact information.
View Morton County Treasurer's Office general information page, including contact information, news and announcements, forms, applications, maps and election information.
Search Mountrail County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Nelson County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Nelson County Auditor's Office general information page, including duties, responsibilities and contact information.
View Nelson County Tax Director's Office general information page, including parcel viewer, property tax forms, instructions, guidelines and publications.
View Nelson County Treasurer's Office general information page, including duties, state treasurer and pay taxes online links.
Search Oliver County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Barnes County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Barnes County Auditor tax sale information page, including yearly report and personnel list.
View Barnes County Auditor's Office home page information, including staff directory.
View Barnes County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Search Barnes County property tax search by name, parcel ID, E911 address, section-township-range, or plat-block-lot.
View Barnes County Treasurer's Office home page, including staff directory, duties and contact information.
Search Benson County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Bismarck Assessing Division property information including searches and construction project frequently asked questions.
View Bismarck City Assessing Division property assessment information, including division responsibilities, goal, and appraisal value information.
Visit the Bottineau County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Bottineau County Auditor's Office general information page, including responsibilities, contact information, and a link to online payments.
View Bottineau County Director of Tax Equalization Office general information page, including duties and contact information.
View Bottineau County Treasurer home page, including description and contact information.
View Bowman County Auditor home page, including duties, contact information, and office hours.
Search Bowman County Director of Tax Equalization parcel information by parcel number, deed holder, contract buyer, and address.
View Bowman County Tax Director general information page, including forms, office hours, and contact information.
View Bowman County Treasurer home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
Visit the Burke County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
Search Burleigh County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Burleigh County Auditor delinquent tax property page, including sale procedure.
View Burleigh County Auditor main page, including contact information, mailing address and physical address.
Search Burleigh County Director of Tax Equalization parcel record by parcel number, house number, street name or legal description.
View Cass County Assessor home page, including hours, phone number, and address.
View Cass County Auditor's Office general information page, including auditor's roles and functions, and contact information.
View Cass County Government tax sale information, including address and status.
Search Cass County property records by address, statement number, or parcel number.
View Cass County, North Dakota online tax payment information by account number or block, lot or qualification or property owner or company name.
Visit the Cavalier County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Cavalier County Tax Director's Office general information page, including contact, email, telephone number and frequently asked questions.
View Cavalier County Treasurer's Office payment information, including department and item.
View City of Fargo Assessment Department website for general information, contact information, office hours and links to other services.
Search City of Fargo parcel information by parcel number or address.
Search Crosby County Assessor parcel record by parcel number, deed holder, contract buyer, address, city or legal description.
Visit the Dickey County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
Visit the Divide County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
Search Dunn County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Dunn County Auditor and Treasurer home page, including audit reports and online payment options.
Search Dunn County parcel records by owner, parcel ID and address.
View Dunn County Tax Director webpage, including notices, contact information, office hours, and links to additional information.
Visit the Eddy County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
Visit the Emmons County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
Search Emmons County Geographic Information Web Service parcel and tax maps by owner's name or parcel ID.
Visit the Foster County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Foster County Auditor webpage, including mailing address, contact information, and duties.
View Foster County Tax Equalization webpage, including mailing address, contact information, and duties.
View Foster County Treasurer webpage, including mailing address, contact information, and duties.
Search Golden Valley County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
Visit the Golden Valley County Assessor's website for contact information, office hours, tax payments and bills, parcel and GIS maps, assessments, and other property records.
View Golden Valley County Auditor's Office home page including responsibilities, location, hours and contact information.
View Golden Valley County Treasurer's Office home page including location, hours and contact information.
Search Barnes County property assessments by tax roll, parcel number, property owner, address, and taxable value.
View Valley City Assessor webpage, including contact information, important new, and links to more information.
North Dakota Tax Records Database in the United States is a comprehensive North Dakota database which contains all the data about the taxpayers and their tax records. The North Dakota database is maintained by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The North Dakota database is accessible to the public and it can be used for research purposes. The North Dakota database contains information such as the name, address, date of birth, social security number, and tax records. The North Dakota database is updated regularly and it contains information about the taxpayers who filed their tax returns in the past.